MALDIVES PERSONAL AND CORPORATE TAXATION

Avv. Simone Fazzari 

Simone Fazzari & Barry Smith Law Offices 

Simone Fazzari & Barry Smith Law Group

Maldives personal Income Tax

There is no income tax in the Maldives, but the growing GDP and overall life level makes Maldivian government discuss a probable income tax introduction in the future.


Avv. Simone Fazzari 

Simone Fazzari & Barry Smith Law Offices 

Simone Fazzari & Barry Smith Law Group

Maldives Corporate Taxation

Maldives does not impose any kind of income tax on its citizens. There is no income tax, corporate tax or property tax in the Maldives. Bank profit tax is the only direct tax imposed in Maldives. A bank profit tax of 25% on its taxable income is charged to all commercial banks. It comprises 2% of the total government revenue. The Government is considering the imposition of a corporate profit tax.

Major indirect taxes are import duty and tourism tax. Import duty is levied on imported goods. It is charged at varying rates from 5% to 200%. Import duty brings approximately 25% of the government annual revenue from taxation. Tourist tax is levied at a flat rate on every night a tourist spends in the Maldives. Tourist tax brings around 15% of the overall income derived from taxation on the annual basis. Lease and rentals of resorts as well as state owned enterprises are other sources of the government revenues. Every boat and motor vehicle must have an appropriate license, by paying a license fee to the government.

Foreign investment in the Maldives has been key to the creation of a successful tourism industry, which contributes to one-third of Maldives' GDP. An important reason for the positive attitude of international investors towards investing in the Maldives has been its tax system, which is relatively favorable to foreign investors.

The existing tax system in the Maldives is very simple and easy to administer. There is no income tax, corporate tax or property tax. Most of the revenue come from import duties, tourism tax, state owned enterprises and resort lease rents. Other taxes include bank profits tax, land rent, royalties, administrative fees and charges, work permit and interest receipts.

Out of these, the most relevant tax to investors, tourism tax is levied at a flat rate of USD 8 per night per bed, regardless of the tariff rate for the bed.

Avv. Simone Fazzari 

Simone Fazzari & Barry Smith Law Offices 

Simone Fazzari & Barry Smith Law Group

Incentives for Foreign Investors

1. No personal or corporate income tax
2. No tax on profit, value added tax, property tax or capital gains tax
3. Right to 100% foreign ownership.
4. Legally backed investment guarantee.
5. Provision for overseas arbitration of disputes
6. Long term contractual agreements and long term lease of land
7. Freedom to use foreign managerial, technical and unskilled workers.
8. No foreign exchange restrictions.
9. No restrictions on the repatriations of earnings or profits.

Avv. Simone Fazzari 

Simone Fazzari & Barry Smith Law Offices 

Simone Fazzari & Barry Smith Law Group

Cost of Doing Business in the Maldives

The following fees are to be paid to the Registrar of Companies at the time of incorporation of a Company in the Maldives.
1. Annual fee USD 156 (approx)
2. Stamp fee USD 39 (approx)
3. Company registration fee; depends on the authorized registration fee capital of the Company (Minimum authorized capital of USD 156 [approx.] is required by Law)
4. All foreign investments incur an administrative fee of USD 2,000.

Cost of re-registering a Company in the Maldives - Re-registering a Company resident overseas in the Maldives is free

Avv. Simone Fazzari 

Simone Fazzari & Barry Smith Law Offices 

Simone Fazzari & Barry Smith Law Group

Royalty on Foreign Investments

Foreign investments registered with the Invest Maldives are required to pay an annual royalty to the government, as per the following schedule:
- Foreign investment entities whose ownership is at least 51 percent held by Maldivians or wholly owned Maldivian entities incorporated in the Maldives, are required to pay an annual royalty equivalent to 1.5 percent of Gross Turnover or 7.5 percent of Net Profit, whichever is greater.
OR
- Foreign investment entities, in which, less than 51 percent of the ownership is held by Maldivians or wholly owned Maldivian entities incorporated in the Maldives, are required to pay an annual royalty equivalent to 3 percent of Gross Turnover or 15 percent of Net Profit, whichever is greater.

Avv. Simone Fazzari 

Simone Fazzari & Barry Smith Law Offices 

Simone Fazzari & Barry Smith Law Group

Customs Taxation

Duty rates in Maldives range as follows:
- From 5 percent to 20 percent on daily necessities and essentials ;
- From 10 percent to 25 percent on items essential for development of domestic industries ;
- From 25 percent to 35 percent on items that will enhance the economic welfare of the country ;
- From 35 percent to 200 percent on luxury items ;

Some personal items, medicines, staples, and textbooks are exempt from import duties. Duties are payable in local currency.

Avv. Simone Fazzari 

Simone Fazzari & Barry Smith Law Offices 

Simone Fazzari & Barry Smith Law Group

Types of Companies in the Maldives

Private Company Limited by Shares
At least two and a maximum of 50 shareholders may establish this type of company which is not allowed to offer its shares to the general public. At least two directors must be assigned to handle a company's management. At least one director should be resident in Maldives, and all directors must be at least sixteen years old. A company must have a secretary. Annual accounts should be submitted.

Public Company Limited by Shares
At least ten shareholders may incorporate a public company. This company may offer its shares to the general public. At least five directors must form a Board of Directors who directly participate in a company's management. A secretary must be assigned.

Avv. Simone Fazzari 

Simone Fazzari & Barry Smith Law Offices 

Simone Fazzari & Barry Smith Law Group

TAXE D'HABITATION - FRENCH RESIDENT TAX

Avv. Simone Fazzari 

Simone Fazzari & Barry Smith Law Offices 

Simone Fazzari & Barry Smith Law Group

This is an annual residence tax imposed on the occupier of a property in which they were resident on 1st January of each year. 

If the property is your second home, even though you may not physically be resident on 1st January, the tax is still payable, provided the property is capable of occupation. 

Thus, the law assumes that if you have the right of occupation of the property and it is furnished and habitable, then the tax is payable. Liability to the tax has nothing to do with the amount of time you actually occupy the property. 

Nevertheless, where you only use the property for a few weeks a year, and it is otherwise let out as a furnished letting, then you can be exempted from the tax, although you would then become liable for business rates. 

If you let a property on an annual basis the tax is payable by the tenant. 

Tenants of holiday lettings do not pay the tax, but any tenant occupying the property on 1st Jan on a permanent or even semi-permanent basis, is liable for the tax. The rule applies whether the property is furnished or unfurnished.

Avv. Simone Fazzari 

Simone Fazzari & Barry Smith Law Offices 

Simone Fazzari & Barry Smith Law Group

 Calculation of the Tax

The determination of the amount payable is made by the local council (commune), but the calculation and collection of the tax is carried out by the central government tax authority. 

The formula for the calculation is ponderously complex but, broadly speaking, it is based on the notional rent that the property might be expected to achieve in the open market, having regard to the condition, size and location of the property. 

This amount may not bear any relation to any actual rent that may be being paid on the property and, indeed, the notional rental values have not been updated since 1970, so are now desperately out of date! 

The valeur locative brute of the property should be stated on the rear of the tax demand, and if you wish to query it you will need to visit your local Centre des Impôts Fonciers (Service de Cadastre), whose contact details are also given on the tax notice. 

A formula is then applied to this notional rent based on the income the authorities need to raise to give a percentage rate of tax, the taux d'imposition 

Accordingly, the amount of tax will vary dependant on the decisions of each communeand the size and condition of each property. 

Where you have children, then relief of 10% to 15% for each dependant is granted, an allowance that is not means tested. 

Local authorities also have discretion to grant a rebate up to 15% to those on modest incomes, provided the applicant meets the income limits above, and that the rateable value of their home is not greater than 130% of the average for the area. 

The rate of tax varies marginally according to whether the property is the main home or a second home, for in the case of the latter the rate for management costs is higher (3% rather than 1%). 

Homes with a high rateable value also have an additional rate applied against them called prélèvements pour base élevée et sur les maison secondaires. 

For main homes the rate is 0.2% if the rateable value exceeds €4,573. 

For a second home the percentage rate is: 

- 1.2% for properties with a rateble value between €4,573 and €7,622;

- 1.7% if they exceed €7,622. 

Those who are eligible for exemption or reduction in the tax are not liable for this additional rate, provided the property is their main home. 

If you are buying a property, then the tax payable may be on the property particulars. If not, ask the seller or agent for a copy of the most recent tax demand, called avis d’imposition de taxe d'habitation. However, be careful how you interpret the net figure payable, as the gross amount may have been reduced due to the income or other circumstances of the current owner. You should check the rear of the tax notice to establish the gross figure before allègements, ie before any deduction. 

If in doubt the Centre des Impôts Fonciers should be able to advise you of the gross amount, but the figure should be on the tax demand. 

As might be expected the level of the tax is generally higher in towns than in rural areas. The amount payable varies so much between local tax authorities and different types of property that it would be meaningless to state an average. 

If you move into the property mid-way through the year, then the former occupier is legally responsible for the tax for the whole of that year, subject to any private agreement that may be made.

Avv. Simone Fazzari 

Simone Fazzari & Barry Smith Law Offices 

Simone Fazzari & Barry Smith Law Group

 Exempted Properties

By definition, the tax is not payable if the property is unoccupied. 

However, the definition of 'occupation' used by the tax authority includes those properties capable of occupation. Ordinarily, this would imply that there would need to be furniture in the property, and that utility services were also available. 

So properties in the course of renovation that you do not occupy, and which are not furnished, would be exempt from tax, as would a derelict property incapable of occupation. In order to obtain such an exemption the tax authorities normally require that you obtain a statement from the local council confirming the status of the property.

In certain towns and cities with a population over 50,000 the taxe sur les logements vacants (TLV) is payable on a property that has been empty for at least a year from the date of imposition of the tax on 1st January. 

Other local authorities also have the discretionary power to levy a similar tax, although in their case, the property must empty for five consecutive years, commencing 1st January. 

The level of the tax is calculated at the rate of 12.5% of the rateable value of the property, which increases to 25% from the second year. 

However, the tax is not applied where the property is involuntarily vacant. These cases are:

• Where the property is considered uninhabitable and the costs of the works exceed by 25% the value of the property.
• If the property is for sale (and empty) and has not been sold despite the best efforts of the owner.
• If you are landlord of a property you have tried without success to let you will not be obliged to pay the tax. You will need to demonstrate evidence of your efforts to try and let the property, and to have done so at a local market rent.

The rule means that, in the above circumstances, you can claim exemption from thetaxe d'habitation. 

Local authorities have discretion to exempt chambres d'hotes and classified gîtes located in rural development areas (Zones de Revitalisation Rurale (ZRR) from the tax, but only for that part let out for occupation by guests. You would need to approach your local mairie. You can also download the application form here.

9.1.4. Exempted Persons

Complete exoneration from the tax is available to certain groups of persons, provided the property is their principal home.

• Those over 60 years of age, subject to a test of resources;
• Widowed persons irrespective of age, subject to test of resources;
• Disabled or infirm persons in receipt of, or eligible for, l'allocation de solidarité aux personnes âgées (ASPA), l'allocation aux adultes handicapés (AHH), or l'allocation supplémentaire d'invalidité (ASI);
• Persons in receipt of Revenu de solidarité active de base (RSA), provided no other income, (otherwise then exempt on basis of income scales below).

The exemption applies only if the property is your principal residence and you are not liable for French wealth tax. 

There is no test of resources required for those in receipt of ASPA, ASI or RSA. 

If you are disabled, but not in receipt of any of the above benefits you should consider making application for exemption. Provided you are able to demonstrate that you are incapable of employment then you may be able to obtain an exemption. 
In the case of a married couple the age or disabled condition only needs to be met by one of the spouses, although if one of the spouses is working then exemption may not be granted. 

The applicable income limits for the test of resources are based on your income for the previous year. 

So for 2013 the means test is based on your net income for 2012 (revenu fiscal de reference), which cannot be greater than €10,224 for one person and €15,684 for a couple, a figure increased for additional family members. 

The following table shows the income limits per 'part' household. An adult counts a 1 part, and the first two children each .5 part. Third and fourth children count as 1 part.

Avv. Simone Fazzari 

Simone Fazzari & Barry Smith Law Offices 

Simone Fazzari & Barry Smith Law Group